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I, therefore, being the smart guy that I am, developed the theory that if it worked for a student whose first language was Japanese, it would work for everyone. Ir means TO GO Ser means TO BE Ver means TO SEE Dar means TO GIVE Ir & Ser Ir and Ser have the EXACT same conjugations in the preterite tense Preterite Ir yo fui nosotros fuimos t fuiste vosotros fuisteis l/ella/Ud. When Michiko, who is now married and a mother living in Tokyo, was a student here, she would always write six words - three atop the other three - on her quizzes and exercises (we did 'em on paper then). I call this The Michiko Sato Rule because she invented that quick little way to make sure she always got it right in quizzes and exercises (and life). When students do that (I see it on the sides of their quizzes), they never - underline “never”- get it wrong.
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Write these six words - “lie, lay, lain” (to recline) then beside or below them - “lay, laid, laid” (to place or put down). When you bump into a lie-lay conundrum - when you aren't absolutely, 110 percent sure - do this quick little exercise.* I had laid the tools on the workbench.ĪN IMPORTANT TIP: Here's an easy way to get it right - every time - without remembering all that gobbleygook above. And: I laid an egg in class when I tried to tell that joke. Past tense: As I walked past, I laid the tools on the workbench. Lay Present tense: As I walk past, I lay the tools on the workbench. Past participle: But I remembered that I had lain there all morning one day last week. Past tense: Yesterday, I lay there thinking about what I had to do during the day. Lie Present tense: I lie down on my bed to rest my weary bones. (A transitive verb acts as a conveyor belt, transmitting action or influence from the subject to the object.) The common saying, Let's lay out in the sun, is not only incorrect grammatically, it suggests a public promiscuity that's frowned on even in this age of sexual permissiveness because you're implying the existence of a direct object of lay: Let's lay (her/him?) out in the sun. Not that there's anything wrong with THAT! It's just ungrammatical unless you're talking about sex. Tip: Always remember that lay is a transitive verb and requires a direct object. (The same is true, by the way, of sit.) In written material, we generally use down with lie when we mean to recline not because down is needed grammatically but because we wish to distinguish from the regular verb lie, meaning to tell an untruth (as in lie, lied, lied).
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If you tell your dog, Lie, as in (You) lie (down), that's a complete sentence. More on lie: In its simplest (command) form, when the you is implied, lie is a sentence all by itself.